Returns the element of an atom based on its name. Raises Error if the element could not be determined. Refer to .guess_element? for details.

Returns the element of an atom based on its name if possible, else nil.

This is a naive approach, where the first letter of atom_name is tested first to get the element, then the name with trailing digits stripped.

Returns the angles in the topology. See Angle for definition.

Angles in the topology. See Angle for definition.

Assign bonds, formal charges, and residue's type from known residue types.

Returns the bonds between all atoms.

Returns the dihedral angles in the topology. See Dihedral for definition.

Dihedral angles in the topology. See Dihedral for definition.

Determines the angles based on connectivity. See Angle for definition.

NOTE It deletes existing angles.

Determines the bonds from connectivity and geometry.

Bonds are added when the pairwise distances are within the corresponding covalent distances (see PeriodicTable.covalent_distance). Bonds are added until the atoms' valences are fulfilled. If extraneous bonds are found (beyond the maximum number of bonds, see Element#max_bonds), the longest ones will be removed.

Bonds to atoms that could potential be as cations (K, Na, etc.) are disfavored such that they won't be added if the neighbor is over-valence or the bond can be substituted by increasing the bond order of another bond of the neighbor (e.g., C-O + K is preferred over C-O-K since C-O can be converted to C=O).

Bond orders are assigned based on the following procedure. First, atom hybridization is guessed from the geometry. Then, the bond orders are determined such that both atoms must have the same hybridization to assign a double (sp2) or triple (sp) bond. Bond order is only changed if the bonded atoms have missing valence. If multiple bonded atoms fulfill the requirements for increasing the bond order, the atom with the most missing valence or that is closest to the current atom is selected first. This procedure is loosely based on OpenBabel's PerceiveBondOrders function.

Determines the dihedral angles based on connectivity. See Dihedral for definition.

NOTE It deletes existing dihedral angles.

Sets the formal charges based on the existing bonds.

For most cases, the formal charge is calculated as

Nele - Tele + V

where Nele is the number of valence electrons, Tele is the number of electrons in the full valence shell, and V is the effective valence, which is equivalent to the sum of the bond orders. Tele is usually 8 following the octet rule, but there are some exceptions (see Element#target_electrons).

If an atom has no bonds, it is considered as a monoatomic ion, where the formal charge is set according to the following rule: if the valence electrons < 4 (cation, e.g., Na+, Mg2+), the formal charge is equal to the number of valence electrons, else (anions, e.g., Cl-) it is equal to Nele - Tele.

WARNING Elements that have no valence determined such as transition metals are ignored.

Determines the improper dihedral angles based on connectivity. See Improper for definition.

Improper dihedral angles are often used to constraint the planarity of certain functional groups of molecules in molecular mechanics simulations, and so not every possible improper dihedral angle is required. This method lists every possible improper dihedral angle following the formal definition, which will probably generate extraneous angles.

NOTE It deletes existing improper dihedral angles.

Detects and assigns topology names from known residue templates based on bond information.

The method creates chains and residues according to the detected fragments and residue matches. The procedure is as follows. First, atoms are split into fragments, where each fragment is scanned for matches to known residue templates. Then, fragments are divided into polymer (e.g., peptide) and non-polymer (e.g., water) fragments based on the number of residues per fragment. Non-polymer residues are grouped together by their type (i.e., ion, solvent, etc.). Finally, every polymer fragment and group of non-polymer fragments are assigned to a unique chain and residues are created for each match.

NOTE Fragments are assigned to a unique chain unless the chain limit (62) is reached, otherwise all residues are assigned to the same chain.

WARNING Existing chains and residues are invalid after calling this method so do not cache them.

Determines the type of unknown residues based on their neighbors.

Returns the improper dihedral angles in the topology. See Improper for definition.

Improper dihedral angles in the topology. See Improper for definition.

Renumber residues per chain based on the order by the output value of the block.

NOTE This won't change the order of the existing chains.

Renumber chain and residues based on bond information.

Residue fragments are assigned to unique chains unless split_chains is false, which keeps existing chains intact. Residue ordering is computed based on the link bond if available.

NOTE existing chains are reused to re-arrang the residues among them, so avoid caching them before calling this.