class Array(T)
Overview
An Array
is an ordered, integer-indexed collection of objects of type T.
Array indexing starts at 0. A negative index is assumed to be relative to the end of the array: -1 indicates the last element, -2 is the next to last element, and so on.
An Array
can be created using the usual .new
method (several are provided), or with an array literal:
Array(Int32).new # => []
[1, 2, 3] # Array(Int32)
[1, "hello", 'x'] # Array(Int32 | String | Char)
See Array
literals in the language reference.
An Array
can have mixed types, meaning T will be a union of types, but these are determined
when the array is created, either by specifying T or by using an array literal. In the latter
case, T will be set to the union of the array literal elements' types.
When creating an empty array you must always specify T:
[] of Int32 # same as Array(Int32)
[] # syntax error
An Array
is implemented using an internal buffer of some capacity
and is reallocated when elements are pushed to it when more capacity
is needed. This is normally known as a dynamic array.
You can use a special array literal syntax with other types too, as long as they define an argless
.new
method and a <<
method. Set
is one such type:
set = Set{1, 2, 3} # => Set{1, 2, 3}
set.class # => Set(Int32)
The above is the same as this:
set = Set(typeof(1, 2, 3)).new
set << 1
set << 2
set << 3
Included Modules
Defined in:
array.crjson/any.cr
json/to_json.cr
yaml/any.cr
yaml/to_yaml.cr
Constructors
-
.additive_identity : self
Returns the additive identity of this type.
-
.build(capacity : Int, & : Pointer(T) -> ) : self
Creates a new
Array
, allocating an internal buffer with the given capacity, and yielding that buffer. -
.new(size : Int, value : T)
Creates a new
Array
of the given size filled with the same value in each position. - .new(ctx : YAML::ParseContext, node : YAML::Nodes::Node)
-
.new(initial_capacity : Int)
Creates a new empty
Array
backed by a buffer that is initiallyinitial_capacity
big. - .new(pull : JSON::PullParser)
-
.new
Creates a new empty
Array
. - .new(ctx : YAML::ParseContext, node : YAML::Nodes::Node, &)
-
.new(size : Int, & : Int32 -> T)
Creates a new
Array
of the given size and invokes the given block once for each index ofself
, assigning the block's value in that index. - .new(pull : JSON::PullParser, &)
Class Method Summary
-
.each_product(arrays : Array(Array), reuse = false, &)
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of the arrays as
Array
s.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable.each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false, &block)
instead -
.each_product(*arrays : Array, reuse = false, &)
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of the arrays as
Array
s.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable.each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false, &block)
instead - .from_json(string_or_io, &) : Nil
- .from_yaml(string_or_io : String | IO, &)
-
.product(arrays : Array(Array))
Returns an
Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each of the arrays asArray
s.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable.cartesian_product(indexables : Indexable(Indexable))
instead -
.product(*arrays : Array)
Returns an
Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each of the arrays asArray
s.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable.cartesian_product(indexables : Indexable(Indexable))
instead
Instance Method Summary
-
#&(other : Array(U)) : Array(T) forall U
Set intersection: returns a new
Array
containing elements common toself
and other, excluding any duplicates. -
#*(times : Int) : Array(T)
Repetition: Returns a new
Array
built by concatenating times copies ofself
. -
#+(other : Array(U)) : Array(T | U) forall U
Concatenation.
-
#-(other : Array(U)) : Array(T) forall U
Difference.
-
#<<(value : T) : self
Append.
-
#<=>(other : Array)
Combined comparison operator.
-
#==(other : Array) : Bool
Equality.
- #==(other : JSON::Any)
- #==(other : YAML::Any)
-
#==(other) : Bool
Returns
false
(other can only be aValue
here). -
#[](start : Int, count : Int) : Array(T)
Returns count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the given start index.
-
#[](range : Range) : Array(T)
Returns all elements that are within the given range.
-
#[]=(start : Int, count : Int, values : Array(T))
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
-
#[]=(start : Int, count : Int, value : T) : T
Replaces a subrange with a single value.
-
#[]=(range : Range, values : Array(T))
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
-
#[]=(range : Range, value : T)
Replaces a subrange with a single value.
-
#[]=(values : Array(T), *, index start : Int, count : Int)
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
DEPRECATED Use
#[]=(start, count, values)
instead -
#[]=(value : T, *, index start : Int, count : Int)
Replaces a subrange with a single value.
DEPRECATED Use
#[]=(start, count, value)
instead -
#[]?(start : Int, count : Int) : Array(T) | Nil
Like
#[](Int, Int)
but returnsnil
if the start index is out of range. -
#[]?(range : Range) : Array(T) | Nil
Like
#[](Range)
, but returnsnil
ifrange.begin
is out of range. -
#|(other : Array(U)) : Array(T | U) forall U
Set union: returns a new
Array
by joiningself
with other, excluding any duplicates, and preserving the order fromself
. -
#clear : self
Removes all elements from
self
. -
#clone : Array(T)
Returns a new
Array
that hasself
's elements cloned. -
#compact
Returns a copy of
self
with allnil
elements removed. -
#compact! : self
Removes all
nil
elements fromself
and returnsself
. -
#concat(other : Indexable) : self
Appends the elements of other to
self
, and returnsself
. - #concat(other : Enumerable) : self
-
#delete(obj) : T | Nil
Removes all items from
self
that are equal to obj. -
#delete_at(start : Int, count : Int) : self
Removes count elements from
self
starting at start. -
#delete_at(index : Int) : T
Removes the element at index, returning that element.
-
#delete_at(range : Range) : self
Removes all elements within the given range.
-
#delete_at(*, index start : Int, count : Int) : self
Removes count elements from
self
starting at start.DEPRECATED Use
#delete_at(start, count)
instead -
#dup : Array(T)
Returns a new
Array
that has exactlyself
's elements. - #each_repeated_permutation(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false, &) : Nil
-
#fill(start : Int, & : Int32 -> T) : self
Yields each index of
self
, starting at start, to the given block and then assigns the block's value in that position.DEPRECATED Use
#fill(start.., &)
instead -
#fill(*, from start : Int, & : Int32 -> T) : self
Yields each index of
self
, starting at start, to the given block and then assigns the block's value in that position.DEPRECATED Use
#fill(start.., &)
instead -
#fill(*, from start : Int, count : Int, & : Int32 -> T) : self
Yields each index of
self
, starting at start and just count times, to the given block and then assigns the block's value in that position.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable::Mutable#fill(start, count, &)
instead -
#fill(value : T, start : Int, count : Int) : self
Replaces count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the given start index with value.
-
#fill(value : T, start : Int) : self
Replaces every element in
self
, starting at start, with the given value.DEPRECATED Use
#fill(value, start..)
instead -
#fill(value : T, range : Range) : self
Replaces every element in range with value.
-
#fill(value : T) : self
Replaces every element in
self
with the given value. -
#fill(value : T, *, from start : Int) : self
Replaces every element in
self
, starting at start, with the given value.DEPRECATED Use
#fill(value, start..)
instead -
#fill(value : T, *, from start : Int, count : Int) : self
Replaces count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the given start index with value.
DEPRECATED Use
#fill(value, start, count)
instead -
#first(n : Int) : Array(T)
Returns the first n elements of the array.
-
#flatten
Returns a new
Array
that is a one-dimensional flattening ofself
(recursively). -
#index(object, offset : Int = 0)
Returns the index of the first appearance of object in
self
starting from the given offset, ornil
if object is not inself
. -
#insert(index : Int, object : T) : self
Insert object before the element at index and shifting successive elements, if any.
-
#inspect(io : IO) : Nil
Appends a String representation of this object which includes its class name, its object address and the values of all instance variables.
-
#last(n : Int) : Array(T)
Returns the last n elements of the array.
-
#map(& : T -> U) : Array(U) forall U
Optimized version of
Enumerable#map
. -
#map_with_index(offset = 0, & : T, Int32 -> _)
Optimized version of
Enumerable#map_with_index
. -
#pop(n : Int) : Array(T)
Removes the last n values from
self
, at index size - 1. -
#pop : T
Removes the last value from
self
, at index size - 1. -
#pop(&)
Removes the last value from
self
. -
#pop? : T | Nil
Like
#pop
, but returnsnil
ifself
is empty. - #pretty_print(pp) : Nil
-
#product(ary : Array(U)) forall U
Returns an
Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each ofself
and ary asTuple
s.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable#cartesian_product(*others : Indexable)
instead -
#product(enumerable : Enumerable, &)
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of
self
and enumerable as aTuple
.DEPRECATED Use
Indexable#each_cartesian(*others : Indexable, &block)
instead -
#push(value : T) : self
Append.
-
#push(*values : T) : self
Append multiple values.
-
#reject!(& : T -> ) : self
Modifies
self
, deleting the elements in the collection for which the passed block is truthy. -
#reject!(pattern) : self
Modifies
self
, deleting the elements in the collection for whichpattern === element
. - #remaining_capacity : Int32
- #repeated_permutations(size : Int = self.size) : Array(Array(T))
-
#replace(other : Array) : self
Replaces the contents of
self
with the contents of other. -
#reverse : Array(T)
Returns an array with all the elements in the collection reversed.
-
#rotate(n = 1) : Array(T)
Returns an array with all the elements shifted to the left
n
times. -
#rotate!(n : Int = 1) : self
Shifts all elements of
self
to the left n times. -
#select!(& : T -> ) : self
Modifies
self
, keeping only the elements in the collection for which the passed block is truthy. -
#select!(pattern) : self
Modifies
self
, keeping only the elements in the collection for whichpattern === element
. -
#shift(n : Int) : Array(T)
Removes the first n values of
self
, starting at index 0. -
#shift : T
Removes the first value of
self
, at index 0. -
#shift(&)
Removes the first value of
self
, at index 0, or otherwise invokes the given block. -
#shift? : T | Nil
Removes the first value of
self
, at index 0. -
#shuffle(random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) : Array(T)
Returns an array with all the elements in the collection randomized using the given random number generator.
-
#size : Int32
Returns the number of elements in the array.
-
#skip(count : Int) : Array(T)
Returns an
Array
with the first count elements removed from the original array. -
#sort : Array(T)
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the return value of their comparison method
T#<=>
(seeComparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm. -
#sort(&block : T, T -> U) : Array(T) forall U
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the comparator in the given block, using a stable sort algorithm.
-
#sort! : Array(T)
Sorts all elements in
self
based on the return value of the comparison methodT#<=>
(seeComparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm. -
#sort!(&block : T, T -> U) : self forall U
Sorts all elements in
self
based on the comparator in the given block, using a stable sort algorithm. -
#sort_by(&block : T -> _) : Array(T)
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted by the output value of the block.
-
#sort_by!(&block : T -> _) : Array(T)
Sorts all elements in
self
by the output value of the block. -
#to_a : self
Returns an
Array
with all the elements in the collection. - #to_json(json : JSON::Builder) : Nil
-
#to_s(io : IO) : Nil
Prints a nicely readable and concise string representation of this array to io.
-
#to_unsafe : Pointer(T)
Returns a pointer to the internal buffer where
self
's elements are stored. - #to_yaml(yaml : YAML::Nodes::Builder) : Nil
-
#transpose
Assumes that
self
is an array of arrays and transposes the rows and columns. -
#truncate(start : Int, count : Int) : self
Removes all elements except the count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the given start index.
-
#truncate(range : Range) : self
Removes all elements except those within the given range.
-
#uniq : Array(T)
Returns a new
Array
by removing duplicate values inself
. -
#uniq(& : T -> ) : Array(T)
Returns a new
Array
by removing duplicate values inself
, using the block's value for comparison. -
#uniq! : self
Removes duplicate elements from
self
. -
#uniq!(& : T -> ) : self
Removes duplicate elements from
self
, using the block's value for comparison. -
#unsafe_fetch(index : Int) : T
Returns the element at the given index, without doing any bounds check.
-
#unsafe_put(index : Int, value : T)
Sets the element at the given index to value, without doing any bounds check.
-
#unshift(object : T) : self
Prepend.
-
#unshift(*values : T) : self
Prepend multiple values.
-
#unstable_sort : Array(T)
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the return value of their comparison method
T#<=>
(seeComparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm. -
#unstable_sort(&block : T, T -> U) : Array(T) forall U
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the comparator in the given block, using an unstable sort algorithm.
-
#unstable_sort! : self
Sorts all elements in
self
based on the return value of the comparison methodT#<=>
(seeComparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm. -
#unstable_sort!(&block : T, T -> U) : self forall U
Sorts all elements in
self
based on the comparator in the given block, using an unstable sort algorithm. -
#unstable_sort_by(&block : T -> _) : Array(T)
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted by the output value of the block.
-
#unstable_sort_by!(&block : T -> _) : Array(T)
Sorts all elements in
self
by the output value of the block.
Instance methods inherited from module Comparable(Array(T))
<(other : T) : Bool
<,
<=(other : T)
<=,
<=>(other : T)
<=>,
==(other : T)
==,
>(other : T) : Bool
>,
>=(other : T)
>=,
clamp(min, max)clamp(range : Range) clamp
Instance methods inherited from module Indexable::Mutable(T)
[]=(index : Int, value : T) : T
[]=,
fill(value : T, start : Int, count : Int) : selffill(value : T, range : Range) : self
fill(value : T) : self
fill(start : Int, count : Int, & : Int32 -> T) : self
fill(range : Range, & : Int32 -> T) : self
fill(*, offset : Int = 0, & : Int32 -> T) : self fill, map!(& : T -> _) : self map!, map_with_index!(offset = 0, & : T, Int32 -> _) : self map_with_index!, reverse! : self reverse!, rotate!(n : Int = 1) : self rotate!, shuffle!(random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) : self shuffle!, sort! : self
sort!(&block : T, T -> U) : self forall U sort!, sort_by!(&block : T -> _) : self sort_by!, swap(index0 : Int, index1 : Int) : self swap, unsafe_put(index : Int, value : T) unsafe_put, unstable_sort! : self
unstable_sort!(&block : T, T -> U) : self forall U unstable_sort!, unstable_sort_by!(&block : T -> _) : self unstable_sort_by!, update(index : Int, & : T -> _) : T update
Instance methods inherited from module Indexable(T)
[](index : Int)
[],
[]?(index : Int)
[]?,
bsearch(& : T -> _)
bsearch,
bsearch_index(& : T, Int32 -> _)
bsearch_index,
cartesian_product(*others : Indexable)
cartesian_product,
combinations(size : Int = self.size)
combinations,
dig(index : Int, *subindexes)
dig,
dig?(index : Int, *subindexes)
dig?,
each(& : T -> )each
each(*, start : Int, count : Int, & : T -> )
each(*, within range : Range, & : T -> ) each, each_cartesian(*others : Indexable, &)
each_cartesian(*others : Indexable) each_cartesian, each_combination(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false, &) : Nil
each_combination(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false) each_combination, each_index(& : Int32 -> ) : Nil
each_index
each_index(*, start : Int, count : Int, &) each_index, each_permutation(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false, &) : Nil
each_permutation(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false) each_permutation, each_repeated_combination(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false, &) : Nil
each_repeated_combination(size : Int = self.size, reuse = false) each_repeated_combination, empty? : Bool empty?, equals?(other : Indexable, &) : Bool
equals?(other, &) equals?, fetch(index : Int, &)
fetch(index, default) fetch, first(&) first, hash(hasher) hash, index(object, offset : Int = 0)
index(offset : Int = 0, & : T -> ) index, index!(obj, offset : Int = 0)
index!(offset : Int = 0, & : T -> ) index!, join(separator : String | Char | Number = "") : String join, last : T
last(&) last, last? : T | Nil last?, permutations(size : Int = self.size) : Array(Array(T)) permutations, repeated_combinations(size : Int = self.size) : Array(Array(T)) repeated_combinations, reverse_each(& : T -> ) : Nil
reverse_each reverse_each, rindex(value, offset = size - 1)
rindex(offset = size - 1, & : T -> ) rindex, rindex!(value, offset = size - 1)
rindex!(offset = size - 1, & : T -> ) rindex!, sample(n : Int, random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) : Array(T)
sample(random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) sample, size size, to_a(& : T -> U) : Array(U) forall U to_a, unsafe_fetch(index : Int) unsafe_fetch, values_at(*indexes : Int) values_at
Class methods inherited from module Indexable(T)
cartesian_product(indexables : Indexable(Indexable))
cartesian_product,
each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false, &)each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false) each_cartesian
Instance methods inherited from module Enumerable(T)
accumulate(initial : U) : Array(U) forall Uaccumulate : Array(T)
accumulate(initial : U, &block : U, T -> U) : Array(U) forall U
accumulate(&block : T, T -> T) : Array(T) accumulate, all?(& : T -> ) : Bool
all?(pattern) : Bool
all? : Bool all?, any?(& : T -> ) : Bool
any?(pattern) : Bool
any? : Bool any?, chunks(&block : T -> U) forall U chunks, compact_map(& : T -> _) compact_map, count(& : T -> ) : Int32
count(item) : Int32 count, cycle(n, & : T -> ) : Nil
cycle(& : T -> ) : Nil cycle, each(& : T -> ) each, each_cons(count : Int, reuse = false, &) each_cons, each_cons_pair(& : T, T -> ) : Nil each_cons_pair, each_slice(count : Int, reuse = false, &) each_slice, each_step(n : Int, *, offset : Int = 0, & : T -> ) : Nil each_step, each_with_index(offset = 0, &) each_with_index, each_with_object(obj : U, & : T, U -> ) : U forall U each_with_object, empty? : Bool empty?, find(if_none = nil, & : T -> ) find, find!(& : T -> ) : T find!, first(&)
first(count : Int) : Array(T)
first : T first, first? : T | Nil first?, flat_map(& : T -> _) flat_map, group_by(& : T -> U) forall U group_by, in_groups_of(size : Int, filled_up_with : U = nil) forall U
in_groups_of(size : Int, filled_up_with : U = nil, reuse = false, &) forall U in_groups_of, in_slices_of(size : Int) : Array(Array(T)) in_slices_of, includes?(obj) : Bool includes?, index(& : T -> ) : Int32 | Nil
index(obj) : Int32 | Nil index, index!(& : T -> ) : Int32
index!(obj) : Int32 index!, index_by(& : T -> U) : Hash(U, T) forall U index_by, join(io : IO, separator = "") : Nil
join(separator, io : IO) : Nil
join(separator = "") : String
join(io : IO, separator = "", & : T, IO -> )
join(separator, io : IO, &)
join(separator = "", & : T -> ) join, map(& : T -> U) : Array(U) forall U map, map_with_index(offset = 0, & : T, Int32 -> U) : Array(U) forall U map_with_index, max(count : Int) : Array(T)
max : T max, max? : T | Nil max?, max_by(& : T -> U) : T forall U max_by, max_by?(& : T -> U) : T | Nil forall U max_by?, max_of(& : T -> U) : U forall U max_of, max_of?(& : T -> U) : U | Nil forall U max_of?, min(count : Int) : Array(T)
min : T min, min? : T | Nil min?, min_by(& : T -> U) : T forall U min_by, min_by?(& : T -> U) : T | Nil forall U min_by?, min_of(& : T -> U) : U forall U min_of, min_of?(& : T -> U) : U | Nil forall U min_of?, minmax : Tuple(T, T) minmax, minmax? : Tuple(T | Nil, T | Nil) minmax?, minmax_by(& : T -> U) : Tuple(T, T) forall U minmax_by, minmax_by?(& : T -> U) : Tuple(T, T) | Tuple(Nil, Nil) forall U minmax_by?, minmax_of(& : T -> U) : Tuple(U, U) forall U minmax_of, minmax_of?(& : T -> U) : Tuple(U, U) | Tuple(Nil, Nil) forall U minmax_of?, none?(& : T -> ) : Bool
none?(pattern) : Bool
none? : Bool none?, one?(& : T -> ) : Bool
one?(pattern) : Bool
one? : Bool one?, partition(& : T -> ) : Tuple(Array(T), Array(T))
partition(type : U.class) forall U partition, present? : Bool present?, product(initial : Number)
product
product(initial : Number, & : T -> )
product(& : T -> _) product, reduce(memo, &)
reduce(&) reduce, reduce?(&) reduce?, reject(& : T -> )
reject(type : U.class) forall U
reject(pattern) : Array(T) reject, sample(n : Int, random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) : Array(T)
sample(random : Random = Random::DEFAULT) : T sample, select(& : T -> )
select(type : U.class) : Array(U) forall U
select(pattern) : Array(T) select, size : Int32 size, skip(count : Int) skip, skip_while(& : T -> ) : Array(T) skip_while, sum(initial)
sum
sum(initial, & : T -> )
sum(& : T -> ) sum, take_while(& : T -> ) : Array(T) take_while, tally(hash)
tally : Hash(T, Int32) tally, tally_by(hash, &)
tally_by(&block : T -> U) : Hash(U, Int32) forall U tally_by, to_a : Array(T)
to_a(& : T -> U) : Array(U) forall U to_a, to_h
to_h(& : T -> Tuple(K, V)) forall K, V to_h, to_set : Set(T)
to_set(&block : T -> U) : Set(U) forall U to_set, zip(*others : Indexable | Iterable | Iterator, &)
zip(*others : Indexable | Iterable | Iterator) zip, zip?(*others : Indexable | Iterable | Iterator, &)
zip?(*others : Indexable | Iterable | Iterator) zip?
Class methods inherited from module Enumerable(T)
element_type(x)
element_type
Instance methods inherited from module Iterable(T)
chunk(reuse = false, &block : T -> U) forall U
chunk,
chunk_while(reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false, &block : T, T -> B) forall B
chunk_while,
cycle(n)cycle cycle, each each, each_cons(count : Int, reuse = false) each_cons, each_cons_pair each_cons_pair, each_slice(count : Int, reuse = false) each_slice, each_step(n : Int)
each_step(n : Int, *, offset : Int) each_step, each_with_index(offset = 0) each_with_index, each_with_object(obj) each_with_object, slice_after(reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false, &block : T -> B) forall B
slice_after(pattern, reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false) slice_after, slice_before(reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false, &block : T -> B) forall B
slice_before(pattern, reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false) slice_before, slice_when(reuse : Bool | Array(T) = false, &block : T, T -> B) forall B slice_when
Instance methods inherited from class Reference
==(other : self)==(other : JSON::Any)
==(other : YAML::Any)
==(other) ==, dup dup, hash(hasher) hash, initialize initialize, inspect(io : IO) : Nil inspect, object_id : UInt64 object_id, pretty_print(pp) : Nil pretty_print, same?(other : Reference) : Bool
same?(other : Nil) same?, to_s(io : IO) : Nil to_s
Constructor methods inherited from class Reference
new
new,
unsafe_construct(address : Pointer, *args, **opts) : self
unsafe_construct
Class methods inherited from class Reference
pre_initialize(address : Pointer)
pre_initialize
Instance methods inherited from class Object
! : Bool
!,
!=(other)
!=,
!~(other)
!~,
==(other)
==,
===(other : JSON::Any)===(other : YAML::Any)
===(other) ===, =~(other) =~, as(type : Class) as, as?(type : Class) as?, class class, dup dup, hash(hasher)
hash hash, in?(collection : Object) : Bool
in?(*values : Object) : Bool in?, inspect(io : IO) : Nil
inspect : String inspect, is_a?(type : Class) : Bool is_a?, itself itself, nil? : Bool nil?, not_nil!(message)
not_nil! not_nil!, pretty_inspect(width = 79, newline = "\n", indent = 0) : String pretty_inspect, pretty_print(pp : PrettyPrint) : Nil pretty_print, responds_to?(name : Symbol) : Bool responds_to?, tap(&) tap, to_json(io : IO) : Nil
to_json : String to_json, to_pretty_json(indent : String = " ") : String
to_pretty_json(io : IO, indent : String = " ") : Nil to_pretty_json, to_s(io : IO) : Nil
to_s : String to_s, to_yaml(io : IO) : Nil
to_yaml : String to_yaml, try(&) try, unsafe_as(type : T.class) forall T unsafe_as
Class methods inherited from class Object
from_json(string_or_io, root : String)from_json(string_or_io) from_json, from_yaml(string_or_io : String | IO) from_yaml
Constructor Detail
Returns the additive identity of this type.
This is an empty array.
Creates a new Array
, allocating an internal buffer with the given capacity,
and yielding that buffer. The given block must return the desired size of the array.
This method is unsafe, but is usually used to initialize the buffer by passing it to a C function.
Array.build(3) do |buffer|
LibSome.fill_buffer_and_return_number_of_elements_filled(buffer)
end
Creates a new Array
of the given size filled with the same value in each position.
Array.new(3, 'a') # => ['a', 'a', 'a']
WARNING The initial value is filled into the array as-is. It gets neither duplicated nor cloned. For types with reference semantics this means every item will point to the same object.
ary = Array.new(3, [1])
ary # => [[1], [1], [1]]
ary[0][0] = 2
ary # => [[2], [2], [2]]
.new(Int, & : Int32 -> T)
is an alternative that allows using a different initial value for each position.
Creates a new empty Array
backed by a buffer that is initially
initial_capacity
big.
The initial_capacity is useful to avoid unnecessary reallocations of the internal buffer in case of growth. If you have an estimate of the maximum number of elements an array will hold, the array should be initialized with that capacity for improved performance.
ary = Array(Int32).new(5)
ary.size # => 0
Creates a new Array
of the given size and invokes the given block once
for each index of self
, assigning the block's value in that index.
Array.new(3) { |i| (i + 1) ** 2 } # => [1, 4, 9]
ary = Array.new(3) { [1] }
ary # => [[1], [1], [1]]
ary[0][0] = 2
ary # => [[2], [1], [1]]
Class Method Detail
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of the
arrays as Array
s.
Traversal of elements starts from the last given array.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable.each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false, &block)
instead
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of the
arrays as Array
s.
Traversal of elements starts from the last given array.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable.each_cartesian(indexables : Indexable(Indexable), reuse = false, &block)
instead
Parses a String
or IO
denoting a JSON array, yielding
each of its elements to the given block. This is useful
for decoding an array and processing its elements without
creating an Array in memory, which might be expensive.
require "json"
Array(Int32).from_json("[1, 2, 3]") do |element|
puts element
end
Output:
1
2
3
To parse and get an Array
, use the block-less overload.
Returns an Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each
of the arrays as Array
s.
Traversal of elements starts from the last given array.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable.cartesian_product(indexables : Indexable(Indexable))
instead
Returns an Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each
of the arrays as Array
s.
Traversal of elements starts from the last given array.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable.cartesian_product(indexables : Indexable(Indexable))
instead
Instance Method Detail
Set intersection: returns a new Array
containing elements common to self
and other, excluding any duplicates. The order is preserved from self
.
[1, 1, 3, 5] & [1, 2, 3] # => [ 1, 3 ]
['a', 'b', 'b', 'z'] & ['a', 'b', 'c'] # => [ 'a', 'b' ]
See also: #uniq
.
Repetition: Returns a new Array
built by concatenating times copies of self
.
["a", "b", "c"] * 2 # => [ "a", "b", "c", "a", "b", "c" ]
Concatenation. Returns a new Array
built by concatenating self
and other.
The type of the new array is the union of the types of both the original arrays.
[1, 2] + ["a"] # => [1,2,"a"] of (Int32 | String)
[1, 2] + [2, 3] # => [1,2,2,3]
Difference. Returns a new Array
that is a copy of self
, removing any items
that appear in other. The order of self
is preserved.
[1, 2, 3] - [2, 1] # => [3]
Combined comparison operator.
Returns -1
, 0
or 1
depending on whether self
is less than other, equals other
or is greater than other.
It compares the elements of both arrays in the same position using the
<=>
operator. As soon as one of such comparisons returns a non-zero
value, that result is the return value of the comparison.
If all elements are equal, the comparison is based on the size of the arrays.
[8] <=> [1, 2, 3] # => 1
[2] <=> [4, 2, 3] # => -1
[1, 2] <=> [1, 2] # => 0
Equality. Returns true
if each element in self
is equal to each
corresponding element in other.
ary = [1, 2, 3]
ary == [1, 2, 3] # => true
ary == [2, 3] # => false
Returns count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the given start index.
Negative start is added to self.size
, thus it's treated as
index counting from the end of the array, -1
designating the last element.
Raises IndexError
if start index is out of bounds.
Raises ArgumentError
if count is negative.
a = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
a[-3, 3] # => ["c", "d", "e"]
a[1, 2] # => ["b", "c"]
a[5, 1] # => []
a[6, 1] # raises IndexError
Returns all elements that are within the given range.
The first element in the returned array is self[range.begin]
followed
by the next elements up to index range.end
(or self[range.end - 1]
if
the range is exclusive).
If there are fewer elements in self
, the returned array is shorter than
range.size
.
a = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
a[1..3] # => ["b", "c", "d"]
# range.end > array.size
a[3..7] # => ["d", "e"]
Open ended ranges are clamped at the start and end of the array, respectively.
# open ended ranges
a[2..] # => ["c", "d", "e"]
a[..2] # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Negative range values are added to self.size
, thus they are treated as
indices counting from the end of the array, -1
designating the last element.
# negative indices, both ranges are equivalent for `a`
a[1..3] # => ["b", "c", "d"]
a[-4..-2] # => ["b", "c", "d"]
# Mixing negative and positive indices, both ranges are equivalent for `a`
a[1..-2] # => ["b", "c", "d"]
a[-4..3] # => ["b", "c", "d"]
Raises IndexError
if the start index is out of range (range.begin > self.size || range.begin < -self.size
). If range.begin == self.size
an
empty array is returned. If range.begin > range.end
, an empty array is
returned.
# range.begin > array.size
a[6..10] # raise IndexError
# range.begin == array.size
a[5..10] # => []
# range.begin > range.end
a[3..1] # => []
a[-2..-4] # => []
a[-2..1] # => []
a[3..-4] # => []
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7, 8]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 5]
Replaces a subrange with a single value. All elements in the range
start...start+count
are removed and replaced by a single element
value.
If count is zero, value is inserted at start.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 0] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1..3] = [6, 7, 8]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1..3] = [6, 7]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1..3] = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[2..] = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
a # => [1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Replaces a subrange with a single value.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1..3] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1...1] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[2...] = 6
a # => [1, 2, 6]
Replaces a subrange with the elements of the given array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7, 8]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
a # => [1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 5]
DEPRECATED Use #[]=(start, count, values)
instead
Replaces a subrange with a single value. All elements in the range
start...start+count
are removed and replaced by a single element
value.
If count is zero, value is inserted at start.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 3] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 5]
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[1, 0] = 6
a # => [1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5]
DEPRECATED Use #[]=(start, count, value)
instead
Like #[](Int, Int)
but returns nil
if the start index is out of range.
Like #[](Range)
, but returns nil
if range.begin
is out of range.
a = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
a[6..10]? # => nil
a[6..]? # => nil
Set union: returns a new Array
by joining self
with other, excluding
any duplicates, and preserving the order from self
.
["a", "b", "c"] | ["c", "d", "a"] # => [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
See also: #uniq
.
Returns a new Array
that has self
's elements cloned.
That is, it returns a deep copy of self
.
Use #dup
if you want a shallow copy.
ary = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 = ary.clone
ary[0][0] = 5
ary # => [[5, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 # => [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 << [7, 8]
ary # => [[5, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 # => [[1, 2], [3, 4], [7, 8]]
Returns a copy of self
with all nil
elements removed.
["a", nil, "b", nil, "c", nil].compact # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Removes all nil
elements from self
and returns self
.
ary = ["a", nil, "b", nil, "c"]
ary.compact!
ary # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Appends the elements of other to self
, and returns self
.
ary = ["a", "b"]
ary.concat(["c", "d"])
ary # => ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
Removes all items from self
that are equal to obj.
Returns the last found element that was equal to obj,
if any, or nil
if not found.
a = ["a", "b", "b", "b", "c"]
a.delete("b") # => "b"
a # => ["a", "c"]
a.delete("x") # => nil
a # => ["a", "c"]
Removes count elements from self
starting at start.
If the size of self
is less than count, removes values to the end of the array without error.
Returns an array of the removed elements with the original order of self
preserved.
Raises IndexError
if start is out of range.
a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(1, 2) # => ["bat", "cat"]
a # => ["ant", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99, 1) # raises IndexError
Removes the element at index, returning that element.
Raises IndexError
if index is out of range.
a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(2) # => "cat"
a # => ["ant", "bat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99) # raises IndexError
Removes all elements within the given range.
Returns an array of the removed elements with the original order of self
preserved.
Raises IndexError
if the index is out of range.
a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(1..2) # => ["bat", "cat"]
a # => ["ant", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99..100) # raises IndexError
Removes count elements from self
starting at start.
If the size of self
is less than count, removes values to the end of the array without error.
Returns an array of the removed elements with the original order of self
preserved.
Raises IndexError
if start is out of range.
a = ["ant", "bat", "cat", "dog"]
a.delete_at(1, 2) # => ["bat", "cat"]
a # => ["ant", "dog"]
a.delete_at(99, 1) # raises IndexError
DEPRECATED Use #delete_at(start, count)
instead
Returns a new Array
that has exactly self
's elements.
That is, it returns a shallow copy of self
.
Use #clone
if you want a deep copy.
ary = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 = ary.dup
ary[0][0] = 5
ary # => [[5, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 # => [[5, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 << [7, 8]
ary # => [[5, 2], [3, 4]]
ary2 # => [[5, 2], [3, 4], [7, 8]]
Yields each index of self
, starting at start, to the given block and then assigns
the block's value in that position. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
Raises IndexError
if start is outside the array range.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.fill(2) { |i| i * i } # => [1, 2, 4, 9]
DEPRECATED Use #fill(start.., &)
instead
Yields each index of self
, starting at start, to the given block and then assigns
the block's value in that position. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
Raises IndexError
if start is outside the array range.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.fill(2) { |i| i * i } # => [1, 2, 4, 9]
DEPRECATED Use #fill(start.., &)
instead
Yields each index of self
, starting at start and just count times,
to the given block and then assigns the block's value in that position. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
Raises IndexError
if start is outside the array range.
Has no effect if count is zero or negative.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
a.fill(2, 2) { |i| i * i } # => [1, 2, 4, 9, 5, 6]
DEPRECATED Use Indexable::Mutable#fill(start, count, &)
instead
Replaces count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the
given start index with value. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the container.
Raises IndexError
if the start index is out of range.
Raises ArgumentError
if count is negative.
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array.fill(9, 2, 2) # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 5]
array # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 5]
Replaces every element in self
, starting at start, with the given value. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a.fill(9, 2) # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 9]
DEPRECATED Use #fill(value, start..)
instead
Replaces every element in range with value. Returns self
.
Negative values of from count from the end of the array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a.fill(9, 2..3) # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 5]
Replaces every element in self
with the given value. Returns self
.
array = [1, 2, 3, 4]
array.fill(2) # => [2, 2, 2, 2]
array # => [2, 2, 2, 2]
Replaces every element in self
, starting at start, with the given value. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a.fill(9, 2) # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 9]
DEPRECATED Use #fill(value, start..)
instead
Replaces count or less (if there aren't enough) elements starting at the
given start index with value. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the container.
Raises IndexError
if the start index is out of range.
Raises ArgumentError
if count is negative.
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array.fill(9, 2, 2) # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 5]
array # => [1, 2, 9, 9, 5]
DEPRECATED Use #fill(value, start, count)
instead
Returns the first n elements of the array.
[1, 2, 3].first(2) # => [1, 2]
[1, 2, 3].first(4) # => [1, 2, 3]
Returns a new Array
that is a one-dimensional flattening of self
(recursively).
That is, for every element that is an array or an iterator, extract its elements into the new array.
s = [1, 2, 3] # => [1, 2, 3]
t = [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]] # => [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
u = [9, [10, 11].each] # => [9, #<Indexable::ItemIterator>]
a = [s, t, u, 12, 13] # => [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, #<Indexable::ItemIterator>, 12, 13]
a.flatten # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
Returns the index of the first appearance of object in self
starting from the given offset, or nil
if object is not in self
.
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3].index(2, offset: 2) # => 4
Insert object before the element at index and shifting successive elements, if any.
Returns self
.
Negative values of index count from the end of the array.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.insert(0, "x") # => ["x", "a", "b", "c"]
a.insert(2, "y") # => ["x", "a", "y", "b", "c"]
a.insert(-1, "z") # => ["x", "a", "y", "b", "c", "z"]
Appends a String representation of this object which includes its class name, its object address and the values of all instance variables.
class Person
def initialize(@name : String, @age : Int32)
end
end
Person.new("John", 32).inspect # => #<Person:0x10fd31f20 @name="John", @age=32>
Returns the last n elements of the array.
[1, 2, 3].last(2) # => [2, 3]
[1, 2, 3].last(4) # => [1, 2, 3]
Optimized version of Enumerable#map_with_index
.
Accepts an optional offset parameter, which tells it to start counting from there.
gems = ["crystal", "pearl", "diamond"]
results = gems.map_with_index { |gem, i| "#{i}: #{gem}" }
results # => ["0: crystal", "1: pearl", "2: diamond"]
Removes the last n values from self
, at index size - 1.
This method returns an array of the removed values, with the original order preserved.
If n is greater than the size of self
, all values will be removed from self
without raising an error.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.pop(2) # => ["b", "c"]
a # => ["a"]
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.pop(4) # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a # => []
See also: #truncate
.
Removes the last value from self
, at index size - 1.
This method returns the removed value.
Raises IndexError
if array is of 0 size.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.pop # => "c"
a # => ["a", "b"]
See also: #truncate
.
Removes the last value from self
.
If the array is empty, the given block is called.
a = [1]
a.pop { "Testing" } # => 1
a.pop { "Testing" } # => "Testing"
See also: #truncate
.
Returns an Array
of all ordered combinations of elements taken from each
of self
and ary as Tuple
s.
Traversal of elements starts from ary.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable#cartesian_product(*others : Indexable)
instead
Yields each ordered combination of the elements taken from each of self
and enumerable as a Tuple
.
Traversal of elements starts from enumerable.
DEPRECATED Use Indexable#each_cartesian(*others : Indexable, &block)
instead
Append. Pushes one value to the end of self
, given that the type of the value is T
(which might be a single type or a union of types).
This method returns self
, so several calls can be chained.
See #pop
for the opposite effect.
a = ["a", "b"]
a.push("c") # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a.push(1) # Errors, because the array only accepts String.
a = ["a", "b"] of (Int32 | String)
a.push("c") # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a.push(1) # => ["a", "b", "c", 1]
Append multiple values. The same as #push
, but takes an arbitrary number
of values to push into self
. Returns self
.
a = ["a"]
a.push("b", "c") # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Modifies self
, deleting the elements in the collection for which the
passed block is truthy. Returns self
.
ary = [1, 6, 2, 4, 8]
ary.reject! { |x| x > 3 }
ary # => [1, 2]
See also: Array#reject
.
Modifies self
, deleting the elements in the collection for which
pattern === element
.
ary = [1, 6, 2, 4, 8]
ary.reject!(3..7)
ary # => [1, 2, 8]
See also: Array#select!
.
Replaces the contents of self
with the contents of other.
This resizes the Array to a greater capacity but does not free memory if the given array is smaller.
a1 = [1, 2, 3]
a1.replace([1])
a1 # => [1]
a1.remaining_capacity # => 3
a2 = [1]
a2.replace([1, 2, 3])
a2 # => [1, 2, 3]
Returns an array with all the elements in the collection reversed.
a = [1, 2, 3]
a.reverse # => [3, 2, 1]
Returns an array with all the elements shifted to the left n
times.
a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
a.rotate # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
a.rotate(1) # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
a.rotate(3) # => [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2]
a # => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Shifts all elements of self
to the left n times. Returns self
.
a1 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
a2 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
a3 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
a1.rotate!
a2.rotate!(1)
a3.rotate!(3)
a1 # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
a2 # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
a3 # => [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2]
Modifies self
, keeping only the elements in the collection for which the
passed block is truthy. Returns self
.
ary = [1, 6, 2, 4, 8]
ary.select! { |x| x > 3 }
ary # => [6, 4, 8]
See also: Array#select
.
Modifies self
, keeping only the elements in the collection for which
pattern === element
.
ary = [1, 6, 2, 4, 8]
ary.select!(3..7)
ary # => [6, 4]
See also: Array#reject!
.
Removes the first n values of self
, starting at index 0.
This method returns an array of the removed values.
If n is greater than the size of self
, all values will be removed from self
without raising an error.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.shift # => "a"
a # => ["b", "c"]
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.shift(4) # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a # => []
See also: #truncate
.
Removes the first value of self
, at index 0. This method returns the removed value.
If the array is empty, it raises IndexError
.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.shift # => "a"
a # => ["b", "c"]
See also: #truncate
.
Removes the first value of self
, at index 0, or otherwise invokes the given block.
This method returns the removed value.
If the array is empty, it invokes the given block and returns its value.
a = ["a"]
a.shift { "empty!" } # => "a"
a # => []
a.shift { "empty!" } # => "empty!"
a # => []
See also: #truncate
.
Removes the first value of self
, at index 0. This method returns the removed value.
If the array is empty, it returns nil
without raising any error.
a = ["a", "b"]
a.shift? # => "a"
a # => ["b"]
a.shift? # => "b"
a # => []
a.shift? # => nil
a # => []
See also: #truncate
.
Returns an array with all the elements in the collection randomized using the given random number generator.
Returns the number of elements in the array.
[:foo, :bar].size # => 2
Returns an Array
with the first count elements removed
from the original array.
If count is bigger than the number of elements in the array, returns an empty array.
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].skip(3) # => [4, 5, 6]
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the return value of
their comparison method T#<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
a.sort # => [1, 2, 3]
a # => [3, 1, 2]
See Indexable::Mutable#sort!
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two elements returns nil
.
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the comparator in the given block, using a stable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
b = a.sort { |a, b| b <=> a }
b # => [3, 2, 1]
a # => [3, 1, 2]
See Indexable::Mutable#sort!(&block : T, T -> U)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if for any two elements the block returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
based on the return value of the comparison
method T#<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
a.sort!
a # => [1, 2, 3]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #sort
for a non-modifying option
that allocates a new instance.
See Slice#sort!
for details on the implementation.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two elements returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
based on the comparator in the given block, using
a stable sort algorithm.
The block must implement a comparison between two elements a and b,
where a < b
returns -1
, a == b
returns 0
, and a > b
returns 1
.
The comparison operator <=>
can be used for this.
a = [3, 1, 2]
# This is a reverse sort (forward sort would be `a <=> b`)
a.sort! { |a, b| b <=> a }
a # => [3, 2, 1]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #sort(&block : T, T -> U)
for a
non-modifying option that allocates a new instance.
See Slice#sort!(&block : T, T -> U)
for details on the implementation.
Raises ArgumentError
if for any two elements the block returns nil
.
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted by the output value of the
block. The output values are compared via the comparison method T#<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm.
a = %w(apple pear fig)
b = a.sort_by { |word| word.size }
b # => ["fig", "pear", "apple"]
a # => ["apple", "pear", "fig"]
If stability is expendable, #unstable_sort_by(&block : T -> _)
provides a
performance advantage over stable sort.
See Indexable::Mutable#sort_by!(&block : T -> _)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two comparison values returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
by the output value of the
block. The output values are compared via the comparison method #<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using a stable sort algorithm.
a = %w(apple pear fig)
a.sort_by! { |word| word.size }
a # => ["fig", "pear", "apple"]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #sort_by(&block : T -> _)
for a
non-modifying option that allocates a new instance.
If stability is expendable, #unstable_sort_by!(&block : T -> _)
provides a
performance advantage over stable sort.
See #sort!(&block : T -> _)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two comparison values returns nil
.
Returns an Array
with all the elements in the collection.
(1..5).to_a # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Prints a nicely readable and concise string representation of this array to io.
The result resembles an array literal but it does not necessarily compile.
Each element is presented using its #inspect(io)
result to avoid ambiguity.
Returns a pointer to the internal buffer where self
's elements are stored.
This method is unsafe because it returns a pointer, and the pointed might eventually
not be that of self
if the array grows and its internal buffer is reallocated.
ary = [1, 2, 3]
ary.to_unsafe[0] # => 1
Assumes that self
is an array of arrays and transposes the rows and columns.
a = [[:a, :b], [:c, :d], [:e, :f]]
a.transpose # => [[:a, :c, :e], [:b, :d, :f]]
a # => [[:a, :b], [:c, :d], [:e, :f]]
Removes all elements except the count or less (if there aren't enough)
elements starting at the given start index. Returns self
.
Negative values of start count from the end of the array.
Raises IndexError
if the start index is out of range.
Raises ArgumentError
if count is negative.
a = [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
a.truncate(2, 3) # => [4, 9, 16]
a # => [4, 9, 16]
Removes all elements except those within the given range. Returns self
.
a = [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
a.truncate(1..-3) # => [1, 4, 9]
a # => [1, 4, 9]
Returns a new Array
by removing duplicate values in self
.
a = ["a", "a", "b", "b", "c"]
a.uniq # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a # => [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ]
Returns a new Array
by removing duplicate values in self
, using the block's
value for comparison.
a = [{"student", "sam"}, {"student", "george"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
a.uniq { |s| s[0] } # => [{"student", "sam"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
a # => [{"student", "sam"}, {"student", "george"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
Removes duplicate elements from self
. Returns self
.
a = ["a", "a", "b", "b", "c"]
a.uniq! # => ["a", "b", "c"]
a # => ["a", "b", "c"]
Removes duplicate elements from self
, using the block's value for comparison. Returns self
.
a = [{"student", "sam"}, {"student", "george"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
a.uniq! { |s| s[0] } # => [{"student", "sam"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
a # => [{"student", "sam"}, {"teacher", "matz"}]
Returns the element at the given index, without doing any bounds check.
Indexable
makes sure to invoke this method with index in 0...size
,
so converting negative indices to positive ones is not needed here.
Clients never invoke this method directly. Instead, they access
elements with #[](index)
and #[]?(index)
.
This method should only be directly invoked if you are absolutely sure the index is in bounds, to avoid a bounds check for a small boost of performance.
Sets the element at the given index to value, without doing any bounds check.
Indexable::Mutable
makes sure to invoke this method with index in
0...size
, so converting negative indices to positive ones is not needed
here.
Clients never invoke this method directly. Instead, they modify elements
with #[]=(index, value)
.
This method should only be directly invoked if you are absolutely sure the index is in bounds, to avoid a bounds check for a small boost of performance.
Prepend. Adds object to the beginning of self
, given that the type of the value is T
(which might be a single type or a union of types).
This method returns self
, so several calls can be chained.
See #shift
for the opposite effect.
a = ["a", "b"]
a.unshift("c") # => ["c", "a", "b"]
a.unshift(1) # Errors, because the array only accepts String.
a = ["a", "b"] of (Int32 | String)
a.unshift("c") # => ["c", "a", "b"]
a.unshift(1) # => [1, "c", "a", "b"]
Prepend multiple values. The same as #unshift
, but takes an arbitrary number
of values to add to the array. Returns self
.
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the return value of
their comparison method T#<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
a.unstable_sort # => [1, 2, 3]
a # => [3, 1, 2]
See Indexable::Mutable#unstable_sort!
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two elements returns nil
.
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted based on the comparator in the given block, using an unstable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
b = a.unstable_sort { |a, b| b <=> a }
b # => [3, 2, 1]
a # => [3, 1, 2]
See Indexable::Mutable#unstable_sort!(&block : T, T -> U)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if for any two elements the block returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
based on the return value of the comparison
method T#<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm.
a = [3, 1, 2]
a.unstable_sort!
a # => [1, 2, 3]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #unstable_sort
for a non-modifying
option that allocates a new instance.
See Slice#unstable_sort!
for details on the implementation.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two elements returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
based on the comparator in the given block,
using an unstable sort algorithm.
The block must implement a comparison between two elements a and b,
where a < b
returns -1
, a == b
returns 0
, and a > b
returns 1
.
The comparison operator <=>
can be used for this.
a = [3, 1, 2]
# This is a reverse sort (forward sort would be `a <=> b`)
a.unstable_sort! { |a, b| b <=> a }
a # => [3, 2, 1]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #unstable_sort(&block : T, T -> U)
for a non-modifying option that allocates a new instance.
See Slice#unstable_sort!(&block : T, T -> U)
for details on the implementation.
Raises ArgumentError
if for any two elements the block returns nil
.
Returns a new instance with all elements sorted by the output value of the
block. The output values are compared via the comparison method #<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm.
a = %w(apple pear fig)
b = a.unstable_sort_by { |word| word.size }
b # => ["fig", "pear", "apple"]
a # => ["apple", "pear", "fig"]
If stability is necessary, use #sort_by(&block : T -> _)
instead.
See Indexable::Mutable#unstable_sort!(&block : T -> _)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two comparison values returns nil
.
Sorts all elements in self
by the output value of the
block. The output values are compared via the comparison method #<=>
(see Comparable#<=>
), using an unstable sort algorithm.
a = %w(apple pear fig)
a.unstable_sort_by! { |word| word.size }
a # => ["fig", "pear", "apple"]
This sort operation modifies self
. See #unstable_sort_by(&block : T -> _)
for a non-modifying option that allocates a new instance.
If stability is necessary, use #sort_by!(&block : T -> _)
instead.
See #unstable_sort!(&block : T -> _)
for details on the sorting mechanism.
Raises ArgumentError
if the comparison between any two comparison values returns nil
.